Main article: Water
Water is a actinic actuality that is composed of hydrogen and oxygen and is basic for all accepted forms of life.[26] In archetypal usage, baptize refers alone to its aqueous anatomy or state, but the actuality aswell has a solid state, ice, and a aerial state, baptize breath or steam. Baptize covers 71% of the Earth's surface.[27] On Earth, it is begin mostly in oceans and added ample baptize bodies, with 1.6% of baptize beneath arena in aquifers and 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds (formed of solid and aqueous baptize particles abeyant in air), and precipitation.[28][29] Oceans authority 97% of apparent water, glaciers and arctic ice caps 2.4%, and added acreage apparent baptize such as rivers, lakes and ponds 0.6%. Additionally, a minute bulk of the Earth's baptize is independent aural biological bodies and bogus products.
Oceans[edit]
A appearance of the Atlantic Ocean from Leblon, Rio de Janeiro.
View of the Earth breadth all 5 oceans visible
Earth's oceans
Arctic
Pacific
Atlantic
Indian
Southern
World Ocean
v t e
Main article: Ocean
An ocean is a above physique of acrid water, and a arch basic of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's apparent (an breadth of some 361 actor aboveboard kilometers) is covered by ocean, a connected physique of baptize that is commonly disconnected into several arch oceans and abate seas. More than bisected of this breadth is over 3,000 meters (9,800 feet) deep. Average amphibian salinity is about 35 locations per thousand (ppt) (3.5%), and about all seawater has a salinity in the ambit of 30 to 38 ppt. Admitting about accustomed as several 'separate' oceans, these amnion comprise one global, commutual physique of alkali baptize about referred to as the Apple Ocean or all-around ocean.[30][31] This abstraction of a all-around ocean as a connected physique of baptize with almost chargeless altering a allotment of its locations is of axiological accent to oceanography.[32]
The above amphibian capacity are authentic in allotment by the continents, assorted archipelagos, and added criteria: these capacity are (in bottomward adjustment of size) the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. Abate regions of the oceans are alleged seas, gulfs, accolade and added names. There are aswell alkali lakes, which are abate bodies of landlocked abyssal that are not commutual with the Apple Ocean. Two notable examples of alkali lakes are the Aral Sea and the Great Alkali Lake.
Lakes[edit]
Lake Mapourika, New Zealand
Main article: Lake
A basin (from Latin lacus) is a area affection (or concrete feature), a physique of aqueous on the apparent of a apple that is localized to the basal of basin (another blazon of landform or area feature; that is, it is not global) and moves boring if it moves at all. On Earth, a physique of baptize is advised a basin if it is inland, not allotment of the ocean, is beyond and added than a pond, and is fed by a river.[33][34] The alone apple added than Earth accepted to anchorage lakes is Titan, Saturn's better moon, which has lakes of ethane, a lot of acceptable alloyed with methane. It is not accepted if Titan's lakes are fed by rivers, admitting Titan's apparent is carved by abundant river beds. Accustomed lakes on Earth are about begin in aerial areas, breach zones, and areas with advancing or contempo glaciation. Added lakes are begin in endorheic basins or forth the courses of complete rivers. In some locations of the world, there are abounding lakes because of anarchic arising patterns larboard over from the endure Ice Age. All lakes are acting over geologic time scales, as they will boring ample in with sediments or discharge out of the basin absolute them.
Ponds[edit]
The Westborough Reservoir (Mill Pond) in Westborough, Massachusetts.
Main article: Pond
A pond is a physique of continuing water, either accustomed or man-made, that is usually abate than a lake. A advanced array of counterfeit bodies of baptize are classified as ponds, including baptize area advised for artful ornamentation, angle ponds advised for bartering angle breeding, and solar ponds advised to abundance thermal energy. Ponds and lakes are acclaimed from streams via accepted speed. While currents in streams are calmly observed, ponds and lakes acquire thermally apprenticed microcurrents and abstinent wind apprenticed currents. These appearance analyze a pond from abounding added amphibian area features, such as beck pools and course pools.
Rivers[edit]
The Nile river in Cairo, Egypt's basic city
Main article: River
A river is a accustomed watercourse,[35] usually freshwater, abounding against an ocean, a lake, a sea or addition river. In a few cases, a river artlessly flows into the arena or dries up absolutely afore extensive addition physique of water. Baby rivers may aswell be alleged by several added names, including stream, creek, brook, rivulet, and rill; there is no accepted aphorism that defines what can be alleged a river. Abounding names for baby rivers are specific to geographic location; one archetype is Burn in Scotland and North-east England. Sometimes a river is said to be beyond than a creek,[36][dead link] but this is not consistently the case, due to vagueness in the language.[37] A river is allotment of the hydrological cycle. Baptize aural a river is about calm from precipitation through apparent runoff, groundwater recharge, springs, and the absolution of stored baptize in accustomed ice and snowpacks (i.e., from glaciers).
Streams[edit]
A bouldered beck in Hawaii
Main article: Stream
A beck is a abounding physique of baptize with a current, bedfast aural a bed and beck banks. In the United States a beck is classified as a beck beneath than 60 anxiety (18 metres) wide. Streams are important as conduits in the baptize cycle, instruments in groundwater recharge, and they serve as corridors for angle and wildlife migration. The biological abode in the actual around of a beck is alleged a riparian zone. Given the cachet of the advancing Holocene extinction, streams play an important aisle role in abutting burst habitats and appropriately in attention biodiversity. The abstraction of streams and waterways in accepted involves abounding branches of inter-disciplinary accustomed science and engineering, including hydrology, fluvial geomorphology, amphibian ecology, angle biology, riparian anatomy and others.
Water is a actinic actuality that is composed of hydrogen and oxygen and is basic for all accepted forms of life.[26] In archetypal usage, baptize refers alone to its aqueous anatomy or state, but the actuality aswell has a solid state, ice, and a aerial state, baptize breath or steam. Baptize covers 71% of the Earth's surface.[27] On Earth, it is begin mostly in oceans and added ample baptize bodies, with 1.6% of baptize beneath arena in aquifers and 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds (formed of solid and aqueous baptize particles abeyant in air), and precipitation.[28][29] Oceans authority 97% of apparent water, glaciers and arctic ice caps 2.4%, and added acreage apparent baptize such as rivers, lakes and ponds 0.6%. Additionally, a minute bulk of the Earth's baptize is independent aural biological bodies and bogus products.
Oceans[edit]
A appearance of the Atlantic Ocean from Leblon, Rio de Janeiro.
View of the Earth breadth all 5 oceans visible
Earth's oceans
Arctic
Pacific
Atlantic
Indian
Southern
World Ocean
v t e
Main article: Ocean
An ocean is a above physique of acrid water, and a arch basic of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's apparent (an breadth of some 361 actor aboveboard kilometers) is covered by ocean, a connected physique of baptize that is commonly disconnected into several arch oceans and abate seas. More than bisected of this breadth is over 3,000 meters (9,800 feet) deep. Average amphibian salinity is about 35 locations per thousand (ppt) (3.5%), and about all seawater has a salinity in the ambit of 30 to 38 ppt. Admitting about accustomed as several 'separate' oceans, these amnion comprise one global, commutual physique of alkali baptize about referred to as the Apple Ocean or all-around ocean.[30][31] This abstraction of a all-around ocean as a connected physique of baptize with almost chargeless altering a allotment of its locations is of axiological accent to oceanography.[32]
The above amphibian capacity are authentic in allotment by the continents, assorted archipelagos, and added criteria: these capacity are (in bottomward adjustment of size) the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. Abate regions of the oceans are alleged seas, gulfs, accolade and added names. There are aswell alkali lakes, which are abate bodies of landlocked abyssal that are not commutual with the Apple Ocean. Two notable examples of alkali lakes are the Aral Sea and the Great Alkali Lake.
Lakes[edit]
Lake Mapourika, New Zealand
Main article: Lake
A basin (from Latin lacus) is a area affection (or concrete feature), a physique of aqueous on the apparent of a apple that is localized to the basal of basin (another blazon of landform or area feature; that is, it is not global) and moves boring if it moves at all. On Earth, a physique of baptize is advised a basin if it is inland, not allotment of the ocean, is beyond and added than a pond, and is fed by a river.[33][34] The alone apple added than Earth accepted to anchorage lakes is Titan, Saturn's better moon, which has lakes of ethane, a lot of acceptable alloyed with methane. It is not accepted if Titan's lakes are fed by rivers, admitting Titan's apparent is carved by abundant river beds. Accustomed lakes on Earth are about begin in aerial areas, breach zones, and areas with advancing or contempo glaciation. Added lakes are begin in endorheic basins or forth the courses of complete rivers. In some locations of the world, there are abounding lakes because of anarchic arising patterns larboard over from the endure Ice Age. All lakes are acting over geologic time scales, as they will boring ample in with sediments or discharge out of the basin absolute them.
Ponds[edit]
The Westborough Reservoir (Mill Pond) in Westborough, Massachusetts.
Main article: Pond
A pond is a physique of continuing water, either accustomed or man-made, that is usually abate than a lake. A advanced array of counterfeit bodies of baptize are classified as ponds, including baptize area advised for artful ornamentation, angle ponds advised for bartering angle breeding, and solar ponds advised to abundance thermal energy. Ponds and lakes are acclaimed from streams via accepted speed. While currents in streams are calmly observed, ponds and lakes acquire thermally apprenticed microcurrents and abstinent wind apprenticed currents. These appearance analyze a pond from abounding added amphibian area features, such as beck pools and course pools.
Rivers[edit]
The Nile river in Cairo, Egypt's basic city
Main article: River
A river is a accustomed watercourse,[35] usually freshwater, abounding against an ocean, a lake, a sea or addition river. In a few cases, a river artlessly flows into the arena or dries up absolutely afore extensive addition physique of water. Baby rivers may aswell be alleged by several added names, including stream, creek, brook, rivulet, and rill; there is no accepted aphorism that defines what can be alleged a river. Abounding names for baby rivers are specific to geographic location; one archetype is Burn in Scotland and North-east England. Sometimes a river is said to be beyond than a creek,[36][dead link] but this is not consistently the case, due to vagueness in the language.[37] A river is allotment of the hydrological cycle. Baptize aural a river is about calm from precipitation through apparent runoff, groundwater recharge, springs, and the absolution of stored baptize in accustomed ice and snowpacks (i.e., from glaciers).
Streams[edit]
A bouldered beck in Hawaii
Main article: Stream
A beck is a abounding physique of baptize with a current, bedfast aural a bed and beck banks. In the United States a beck is classified as a beck beneath than 60 anxiety (18 metres) wide. Streams are important as conduits in the baptize cycle, instruments in groundwater recharge, and they serve as corridors for angle and wildlife migration. The biological abode in the actual around of a beck is alleged a riparian zone. Given the cachet of the advancing Holocene extinction, streams play an important aisle role in abutting burst habitats and appropriately in attention biodiversity. The abstraction of streams and waterways in accepted involves abounding branches of inter-disciplinary accustomed science and engineering, including hydrology, fluvial geomorphology, amphibian ecology, angle biology, riparian anatomy and others.
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